The Himalayan Mountains

Himalayan is young and fold mountain. It stretches over the northern border of India. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world. They form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km. The Himalaya consists of three
parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent i.e. the great or inner Himalayas and himadri, himachal or lesser Himalayas, the outer Himalayas or shiwalik rang. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. Himalayan stretched from pamir knot.

1. The great Himalayas= the northernmost range. It is the most continuous range of the world consisting of the loftiest (tallest) peaks. All the prominent Himalayas peaks are here. The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature. The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite. There are numbers of glaciers.

2. Lesser Himalayas = it is south to the himadri range. most rugged(rough, uneven) mountain system and is known as Himachal or lesser Himalaya.mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks.the Pir Panjal range is longest of lesser Himalayas. The Dhaula Dhar and the Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones.This range consists of the famous valley of Kashmir (lies between the Pir Panjal and the Zaskar ranges), the Kangra and Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh

3. The outer Himalayas = The outer most range of the Himalayas is called the Siwaliks or outer himalyas.this range from porwar plateau to brahmaputra valley. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north. These valleys are covered with thick gravel and alluvium.The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalaya and the Siwaliks are known as Duns, some well known duns are: Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun.

4. Trans Himalayas=situated north to the great himalayas also called tibet himalaya. Most of them situated in tibet.the zanskar, the ladakh, the  kailash and karakoram are main ranges of trans himlaya.

5. Eastern hill or purvanchal= located from north arunachal pradesh to south mizoram. Shape of crescent of convex side is pointing the west.